6.) (See photo.)
7.) If you have grades on your layout, you have vertical curves (changes in grade) as well as regular (horizontal) curves. Don’t try to do both at once, and make sure any vertical curves are on straight track, not on curves, switches, or operating sections.
Real railroads spend enormous amounts of money to avoid grades, because grades require more locomotives and are as difficult to descend as to ascend. If you use grades, make them as gradual and straight as possible. There’s no better way to derail a train than to have a sharp curve at the bottom of a grade.
8.) Remember that the switch motor on nos. 022 and 042 switches will fit on either side of the switch. Remove the screws holding the switch motor cover in place before installing the switch on your layout so you can service the motor without removing the switch.
9.) When planning an overpass for your layout, remember to allow for the thickness of the roadbed and ties and thickness of the bridge deck. Together, they can add as much as an inch in height.
10.) Be sure that the points (moving parts) on your switches seat firmly against the stock (outer) rails. If not, adjust the mechanism or the points or file the points to reduce chances of a flange catching the point and riding over it. You may need to replace guardrails or switches worn down or damaged by derailment.